Below is the letter sir henry mcmahon wrote to sharif hussein in october 2015. What did the british and french midlevel officials who drew lines on its maps imagine as the territorial scope of their negotiations. Translation of a letter from sharif husayn of mecca to sir henry mcmahon, his majestys high commissioner at cairo, july 14, 1915. Wwi document archive 1915 documents letters between hussein ibn ali and sir henry mcmahon the mcmahon letter from the israelarab reader, 3rd ed.
From promising hussein support for an arab state in 1915 to exile. Cmd 5974 report of a committee set up to consider certain correspondence between sir henry mcmahon and the sharif of mecca in 1915 and 1916. In these letters, which became known as the hussein mcmahon correspondence, mcmahon agreed to support hussein s request for. Drawing lines of development in a new and open space karin loevy abstract what was the geopolitical scale of the sykespicot agreement may 1916. The husseinmcmahon correspondence july 1915august 1916. In a series of ten letters from 1915 to 1916 mcmahon tried to attract arab support against the ottoman empire. Article 22 of the covenant legalizing imperial spheres of influence 6.
Assessing the synergy thesis in iraq 175 then declines soon after the standing up of the soi. Henry mcmahon british high commissioner for eqypt husseinmcmahon correspondence 1915 1916 24 october 1915 the districts of mersin and alexandretta, and portions of syria lying to the west of the districts of damascus, homs, hama and aleppo, cannot be said to be purely arab, and must on that account be excepted from the proposed. Sir henry mcmahon 18621949, british high commissioner in cairo, negotiated in 191516 with husayn ibn ali, the sherif of mecca. The mcmahon hussein correspondence, or the hussein mcmahon correspondence, was a protracted exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the future. Sep 18, 2010 the mcmahonhussein correspondence, was an exchange of letters between july 14, 1915 to january 30, 1916, during world war i. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahon correspondence, was an exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the political status of lands under the ottoman empire. A letter from british high commissioner sir henry mcmahon. Encyclopedia of jewish and israeli history, politics and culture, with biographies, statistics, articles and documents on topics from antisemitism to zionism. The mcmahonhussein correspondence a vast territory opening up for rule 3. The correspondence had a significant impact on middle eastern history during and after the war, and a dispute over. The united kingdom promised in the hussein mcmahon correspondence that it would support arab independence if they revolted against the ottomans.
Mcmahon, in his letter to hussein of 24 october 1915, named the wilayahs of damascus, homs, hama, and aleppo as being the ottoman territories in, and to the east of which, but not to the. The document, however, said nothing of the political or national rights of these. The mcmahonhusayn correspondence and its interpretations. Conflicting british government interpretations of the hussein mcmahon correspondence of 1915, showing interpretations from 1918 and 1922. The following excerpt is from a letter from october. A letter from british high commissioner sir henry mcmahon to. The mcmahonhusayn correspondence and its interpretations, 19141939 routledge 2000. Letter from sir henry mcmahon to sharif hussein, october. Many britisharab agreements during the war years, including the controversial husseinmcmahon correspondence of 1915, were predicated on the assumption that the arabs would stage a general uprising against turkish rule and desert the ottomans armies in large numbers.
Jul 04, 20 below is the letter sir henry mcmahon wrote to sharif hussein in october 2015. The husseinmcmahon correspondence the british and american roles. Mcmahon was british high commissioner in egypt and ali ibn husain was the. Media in category mcmahonhussein correspondence the following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total. June 1969april 1970 australia prime minister mcmahon may 1971march 1973. Historiography of the hussein mcmahon correspondence the. Complete document in pdf format requires acrobat reader. To his excellency the most exalted and eminent minister who is endowed with. Translation of a letter from sharif husayn of mecca to sir.
The mcmahon promise to hussein the balfour project. The mcmahonhussein correspondence was a series of letters exchanged during world war i in which the british government agreed to recognize arab independence after the war in exchange for the sharif of mecca launching the arab revolt against the ottoman empire. The mcmahonhussein correspondence concessions to france that did not extend to the four towns that alfaruqi had named. Footnotes ten things students need to know about the origins. Letters between hussein ibn ali and sir henry mcmahon world. Wwi document archive 1915 documents letters between hussein ibn ali and sir henry mcmahon. Letter from sir henry mcmahon to sharif hussein, october 24. On the other side, under the 1916 sykespicot secret agreement, the united kingdom, france and russia divided the area in ways unfavorable to the arabs.
Beginning in the summer of 1915, sir henry mcmahon 18621949, british high commissioner in cairo, exchanged letters with hussein ibn ali 1853541931, the sherif of mecca. Mcmahonhusseincorrespondence the mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahoncorrespondence,wasaseriesof tenlettersexchangedfrom14july1915to30january. In general terms, the correspondence effectively traded british support of an independent arab state in. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, was an exchange of letters between july 14, 1915 to january 30, 1916, during world war i.
The arab representatives on the committee appointed to discuss the mcmahon correspondence have listened with the greatest interest to the statement made by the lord chancellor at the second meeting of the committee on the 24th february, 1939 and have most carefully read the written memorandum of the same date, entitled the mcmahonhusain. The husseinmcmahon correspondence july 15 august 1916. In 191516, the hussein mcmahon correspondence resulted in an agreement between the united kingdom and the sharif that if the arabs successfully. Lloyd george, continuing, said that it was on the basis of the above quoted letter that king hussein had put all his resources into the field which had helped us most materially to win the victory. The letters were concerning the future political status of the lands under the ottoman empire. The mcmahon hussein correspondence is a series of letters that were exchanged during world war i in which the united kingdom government agreed to recognize arab independence after the war in exchange for the sharif of mecca launching the arab revolt against the ottoman empire. The mcmahon letter from the israelarab reader, 3rd ed. Husseinmcmahon correspondence and the balfour declaration of 1917, and tensions between arab and jewish groups in the region erupted into physical violence as in the 1920 palestine riots, the 1921 palestine riots, the 1929 hebron massacre and the 19361939 arab revolt in palestine. The mcmahon hussein correspondence 14 july 1915 10 march 1916 mcmahon was british high commissioner in egypt and ali ibn husain was the sherif of mecca during the first world war. The mcmahon hussein correspondence concessions to france that did not extend to the four towns that alfaruqi had named. Ordinary people in an extraordinary land free press, 2008 in the list of assignments for each class below, you will also find. For an online full text of the correspondence consisting of ten letters, see the husseinmcmahon correspondence, jewish virtual library. Can someone please explain what the mcmahonhussein. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the cambridge dictionary editors or of cambridge university press or its licensors.
One land claimed by two peoples israelpalestine remains the unanswered. The united kingdom promised in the husseinmcmahon correspondence that it would support arab independence if they revolted against the ottomans. The central figure in the arab nationalist movement at the time of world war i was hussein ibn ali, who was appointed by the turkish committee of union and progress to the position of sharif of mecca in 1908. In this document lord kitchener approved of the offers to better the. In 1920 there were discussions in whitehall on the mcmahonhussein correspondence comparing the english and arabic translations. The controversy isaiah friedman is talking about the hussein mcmahon correspondence, and the rightful ownership and national connection to the land west of the jordan river. These territories included the arabian peninsula, syria including lebanon, palestine, and. The document declared the arabs would revolt in alliance with the united kingdom and in return the uk would recognize arab independence in an area. Box folder date extent presidential correspondence 19691974 748 afghanistan mohammad daoud octobernovember 1973 algeria col houari boumediene october 1970april 1973 argentina pres lanusse october 1971may 1973 australia prime minister gorton corres. Mcmahon hussein correspondence in 1915 including the text of the correspondence which includes proposed changes in the english translation from the arabic, statements and memoranda, general correspondence, report drafts and the final report of the pledges committee. The mcmahon hussein correspondence, angloarab match in the middle. In general terms, the correspondence effectively traded british support of an. Translation of a letter from husayn to mcmahon, november 5, 1915 in the name of god, the merciful, the compassionate. Footnotes ten things students need to know about the.
The balfour declaration a new home for a european problem 5. It was between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt. The mcmahon hussein correspondence, angloarab match. Box folder date extent richard nixon presidential library. Panarabism was first pressed by sharif hussein ibn ali, the sharif of mecca, who sought independence from the ottoman empire and the establishment of a unified state of arabia. This correspondence reflects the promises of the britains to the arabs. Letters between hussein ibn ali and sir henry mcmahon. The mcmahonhussein correspondence is a series of letters that were exchanged during. Husaynmcmahon correspondence international encyclopedia of. Mcmahonhussein correspondence in 1915 including the text of the correspondence which includes proposed changes in the english translation from the arabic, statements and memoranda, general correspondence, report drafts and the final report of the pledges committee.
Mcmahonhusseincorrespondence the mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the hussein mcmahoncorrespondence,wasaseriesof tenlettersexchangedfrom14july1915to30january. In the other two neighborhoods ghazaliyah and mechanicthe violence shows signs of falling before the standup of. Before that are several articles expanding on britains duplicity over ww1 and after. Brandeis up, 2007 ime donna rosenthal, the israelis. Husseinmcmahon correspondence the husseinmcmahon correspondence was an exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, hussein bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the political status of lands under the ottoman empire.
Palestine to hussein as a result of the mcmahonhussein correspondence. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The correspondence between sir arthur henry mcmahon, british high. Mcmahonhussein correspondence military wiki fandom. British and french in numerous official, public and secret documents issued during and after the. Essentially, britain pledged, in what became known as the husseinmcmahon correspondence, to support arab independence if husseins forces revolted against the turks. Correspondence between sir henry mcmahon and the sherif hussein of mecca cmd 5957.
With great cheerfulness and delight i received your letter dated the 19th shawal, 33 the 30th august, 1915, and have given it great consideration and regard, in spite of the impression i received from it of ambiguity and its tone of coldness and hesitation with regard to. Kattans book is an invaluable, albeit partisan, resource book for those of us who enjoy delving into such minutiae of the legal arguments of israelis and palestinians. Until 1920, british government documents suggested that palestine was intended to be part of the arab area. Macmahons correspondence with sharif husayn 1915 in a letter dated the 24th of october, 1915, sir henry mcmahon, then his majestys high commissioner in egypt, promises the sharif of mecca, husayn ibn ali, to recognise and support the independence of the arabs within the territories proposed by him. Correspondence meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. Translation of a letter from sharif husayn of mecca to sir henry mcmahon, his majestys high commissioner at cairo, july 14, 1. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahon correspondence, was a protracted exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the future political status of the lands under the ottoman empire. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahon correspondence, was a protracted exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the future. Picot agreement o balfour declaration o british mandates o white paper of 1939 be sure to sign your name at the end.
The mcmahonhussein correspondence 14 july 1915 10 march 1916 mcmahon was british high commissioner in egypt and ali ibn husain was the sherif of mecca during the first world war. The mcmahonhusain correspondence handed in by the united. Sherif husayn believed that his hashemite family should lead the arabs during and after the war. Ali, emir of mecca, and sir henry mcmahon, the british high commissioner in egypt. Many britisharab agreements during the war years, including the controversial hussein mcmahon correspondence of 1915, were predicated on the assumption that the arabs would stage a general uprising against turkish rule and desert the ottomans armies in large numbers. Lloyd george said that the whole of the agreement of 1916 sykespicot, was based on a letter from sir henry mcmahon to king hussein. Check all spelling, punctuation and grammar before turning it in. Mcmahon, in his letter to hussein of 24 october 1915, named. The sykespicot agreement a region opening up for development 4. Translation of a letter from sharif hussein of mecca to sir henry mcmahon, his majestys high commissioner at cairo, july 14, 1915. Mcmahonhusain correspondence report of arabuk committee.
The husseinmcmahon correspondence was an exchange of letters between hussein ibn ali, the sharif of mecca, and sir henry mcmahon, the high commissioner in cairo during the first world war. The area promised to the arabs in mcmahons letter of oct 1915 excluded only. For the previous five years it had been hoped that the ambiguity of mcmahons promise to hussein would reprieve britain from any awkward commitments. As sharif, hussein was responsible for the custody of islams shrines in the hejaz and, consequently, was recognized as one of the muslims spiritual leaders. Visions of the middle east in legal and diplomatic texts leading to the palestine mandate karin loevy the article traces a set of regional images in international legal documents leading to the establishment of the palestine mandate 19151922.
The exchange of letters became known as the husseinmcmahon correspondence. The palestine mandate a jurisdictionally divided space 7. Jan 26, 2015 in 1920 there were discussions in whitehall on the mcmahonhussein correspondence comparing the english and arabic translations. The mcmahonhussein correspondence 14 july 1915 10 march 1916. The mcmahonhussein correspondence 14 july 1915 10 march. A letter from british high commissioner sir henry mcmahon to sharif hussein of mecca from sir henry mcmahon, 24 october 1915 i have received your letter of the 29th shawal, 33, with much pleasure and your expressions of friendliness and sincerity have given me the greatest satisfaction. To his excellency the most exalted, the most eminentthe british high commissioner in egypt. In july 1915, hussein sent a letter to sir henry mcmahon, the high commissioner for egypt, informing him of the terms for arab participation in the war against the turks. The mcmahonhussein correspondence 1 was a protracted exchange of letters july 14, 1915 to january 30, 1916 2 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the future political status of the lands under the ottoman empire. The mcmahonhussein correspondence is a series of letters that were exchanged during world war i in which the united kingdom government agreed to recognize arab independence after the war in exchange for the sharif of mecca launching the arab revolt against the ottoman empire. Hussein mcmahon correspondence and the balfour declaration of 1917, and tensions between arab and jewish groups in the region erupted into physical violence as in the 1920 palestine riots, the 1921 palestine riots, the 1929 hebron massacre and the 19361939 arab revolt in palestine. Drawing lines of development in a new and open space. Conflicting british government interpretations of the. The letters between hussein and macmahon that followed outlined the areas that britain was prepared to cede to the arabs.
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